Inovirus, which members are commonly called filamentous bacteriophages, is a special phage genus. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870099) and the National Science and Technology Major Project (2012ZX10004215). Received: ApAccepted: JPublished: August 1, 2013Ĭopyright: © 2013 Wang et al. Rao, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America cholerae filamentous phage, and the study provides new information on the interaction between phages and their host bacteria.Ĭitation: Wang Q, Kan B, Wang R (2013) Isolation and Characterization of the New Mosaic Filamentous Phage VFJ Φ of Vibrio cholerae. The discovery of VFJΦ updates our understanding of filamentous phages as well as the evolution and classification of V. The antibiotic resistances were not directly conferred to the hosts by phage-encoded genes and were not related to penicillinase. After infection, the host strains exhibited obvious inhibition of both growth and flagellum formation and had acquired a low level of ampicillin resistance and a high level of kanamycin resistance. It showed a relatively wide host range but did not infect the classical biotype O1 V.
In its native host ICDC-4470 and newly-infected strain N16961, VFJΦ was found to exist as a plasmid but did not integrate into the host chromosome. This 700 bp region gave VFJΦ several characteristics that are not found in fs2 and other filamentous phages. A large part of the genome is highly similar to that of the fs2 phage, and the remaining 700 bp is homologous to VEJ and VCYΦ. VFJΦ was found to be a mosaic of two groups of V. The genome of VFJΦ is 8555 nucleotides long, including 12 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), which are organized in a modular structure. A novel filamentous phage, designated VFJΦ, was isolated in this study from an ampicillin and kanamycin-resistant O139 serogroup V. Filamentous phages have distinguished roles in conferring many pathogenicity and survival related features to Gram-negative bacteria including the medically important Vibrio cholerae, which carries factors such as cholera toxin on phages.
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